Quran’s Lesson - Surah Al-Isra 17, Verse 24, Part 15
وَاخْفِضْ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ الذُّلِّ مِنَ الرَّحْمَةِ وَقُلْ رَبِّ ارْحَمْهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِي صَغِيرًا
And lower unto them the wing of submission and humility through mercy, and say: “My Lord! Bestow on them Your Mercy as they did bring me up when I was small.”
اور ان پر رحم کرتے ہوئے انکساری سے ان کے آگے جھکے رہو اور ان کے حق میں دعا کرو کہ: پروردگار ! ان پر رحم فرما جیسا کہ انہوں نے بچپنے میں مجھے (محبت و شفقت) سے پالا تھا۔
[Al-Quran 17: 24]
THE COMMAND TO BE DUTIFUL TO ONE'S PARENTS
Allah commands us
وَبِٱلۡوَٲلِدَيۡنِ إِحۡسَانً۬ا ﴾
(And that you be dutiful to your parents.) Here He commands good treatment of parents, as He says elsewhere:
﴿ أَنِ ٱشۡڪُرۡ لِى وَلِوَٲلِدَيۡكَ إِلَىَّ ٱلۡمَصِيرُ ﴾
(give thanks to Me and to your parents. Unto Me is the final destination) (31:14)
﴿ إِمَّا يَبۡلُغَنَّ عِندَكَ ٱلۡڪِبَرَ أَحَدُهُمَآ أَوۡ كِلَاهُمَا فَلَا تَقُل لَّهُمَآ أُفٍّ۬ ﴾
(If one of them or both of them attain old age in your life, say not to them a word of disrespect,) means, do not let them hear anything offensive from you, not even say "Uff!'' which is the mildest word of disrespect,
﴿ وَلَا تَنۡہَرۡهُمَا ﴾
(and do not reprimand them) means, do not do anything horrible to them.
﴿ وَلَا تَنۡہَرۡهُمَا ﴾
(and do not reprimand them) `Ata' bin Rabah said that it meant, "Do not raise your hand against them.'' When Allah forbids speaking and behaving in an obnoxious manner, He commands speaking and behaving in a good manner, so He says:
﴿ وَقُل لَّهُمَا قَوۡلاً۬ ڪَرِيمً۬ا ﴾
(but address them in terms of honor.) meaning gently, kindly, politely, and with respect and appreciation.
﴿ وَٱخۡفِضۡ لَهُمَا جَنَاحَ ٱلذُّلِّ مِنَ ٱلرَّحۡمَةِ ﴾
(And lower unto them the wing of submission and humility through mercy,) means, be humble towards them in your actions.
﴿ وَقُل رَّبِّ ٱرۡحَمۡهُمَا كَمَا رَبَّيَانِى صَغِيرً۬ا ﴾
(and say: "My Lord! Bestow on them Your Mercy as they did bring me up when I was young.'') means, say this when they grow old and when they die. Ibn `Abbas said: "But then Allah revealed:
﴿ مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِىِّ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓاْ أَن يَسۡتَغۡفِرُواْ لِلۡمُشۡرِڪِينَ ﴾
(It is not (proper) for the Prophet and those who believe to ask Allah's forgiveness for the idolaters...)'' (9:13) There are many Hadiths which speak about honoring one's parents, such as the Hadith narrated through a number of chains of narration from Anas and others, which states that the Prophet climbed up on the Minbar, and then said, ((Amin, Amin, Amin.)) It was said, "O Messenger of Allah, why did you say Amin'' He said:
« أَتَانِي جِبْرِيلُ فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ رَغِمَ أَنْفُ رَجُلٍ ذُكِرْتَ عِنْدَهُ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْكَ، قُلْ: آمِينَ، فَقُلْتُ: آمِينَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: رَغِمَ أَنْفُ رَجُلٍ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ خَرَجَ فَلَمْ يُغْفَرْ لَهُ، قُلْ: آمِينَ، فَقُلْتُ: آمِينَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: رَغِمَ أَنْفُ رَجُلٍ أَدْرَكَ وَالِدَيْهِ أَوْ أَحَدَهُمَا فَلَمْ يُدْخِلَاهُ الْجَنَّةَ، قُلْ: آمِينَ، فَقُلْتُ: آمِين »
(Jibril came to me and said, "O Muhammad, he is doomed who hears you mentioned and does not say Salla upon you.'' He said, "Say Amin,'' so I said Amin. Then he said, "He is doomed who sees the month of Ramadan come and go, and he has not been forgiven.'' He said, "Say Amin,'' so I said Amin. Then he said, "He is doomed who grows up and both his parents or one of them are still alive, and they do not cause him to enter Paradise.'' He said, "Say Amin,'' so I said Amin.)
ANOTHER HADITH
Imam Ahmad recorded Mu`awiyah bin Jahimah As-Salami saying that Jahimah came to the Prophet and said: "O Messenger of Allah, I want to go out to fight and I have come to seek your advice.'' He said,
« فَهَلْ لَكَ مِنْ أُم »
(Do you have a mother) He said, "Yes.'' The Prophet said,
« فَالْزَمْهَا فَإِنَّ الْجَنَّةَ عِنْدَ رِجْلَيْهَا »
(Then stay with her, for Paradise is at her feet.) Similar incidents were also recorded by others. This was recorded by An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah.
OMISSIONS COMITTED AGAINST PARENTS ARE PARDONED WITH GOOD RELATIONS AND REPENTANCE
Sa`id bin Jubayr said: "This refers to a man who said something that he did not think would be offensive to his parents.'' According to another report: "He did not mean anything bad by that.'' So Allah said:
﴿ رَّبُّكُمۡ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا فِى نُفُوسِكُمۡۚ إِن تَكُونُواْ صَـٰلِحِينَ ﴾
(Your Lord knows best what is in your souls. If you are righteous,)
﴿ فَإِنَّهُ ۥ ڪَانَ لِلۡأَوَّٲبِينَ غَفُورً۬ا ﴾
(He is Ever Most Forgiving to those who turn to Him in repentance.) Qatadah said: "To the obedient who pray.''
﴿ فَإِنَّهُ ۥ ڪَانَ لِلۡأَوَّٲبِينَ غَفُورً۬ا ﴾
(He is Ever Most Forgiving to those who turn to Him in repentance.) Shu`bah narrated from Yahya bin Sa`id from Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib; "This refers to those who commit sin then repent, and commit sin then repent.'' `Ata' bin Yasar, Sa`id bin Jubayr and Mujahid said: "They are the ones who return to goodness.'' Mujahid narrated from `Ubayd bin `Umayr, concerning this Ayah: "This is the one who, when he remembers his sin when he is alone, he seeks the forgiveness of Allah.'' Mujahid agreed with him on that. Ibn Jarir said: "The best view on this matter is of those who said that it refers to the one who repents after committing sin, who comes back from disobedience to obedience and who leaves that which Allah hates for that which He loves and is pleased with. '' What he said is correct, for Allah says,
﴿ إِنَّ إِلَيۡنَآ إِيَابَہُمۡ ﴾
(Verily, to Us will be their return) (88:25). And according to a Sahih Hadith, the Messenger of Allah would say when he returned from a journey,
« آيِبُونَ تَائِبُونَ، عَابِدُونَ لِرَبِّنَا حَامِدُون »
(We have returned repenting, worshipping and praising our Lord.)
(26. And give to the kinsman his due, and to the Miskin (poor), and to the wayfarer. But spend not wastefully (your wealth) in the manner of a spendthrift.) (27. Verily, the spendthrifts are brothers of the Shayatin (devils), and the Shaytan is ever ungrateful to his Lord.) (28. And if you turn away from them and you are awaiting a mercy from your Lord for which you hope, then, speak unto them a soft, kind word.)
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